"The weather is very windy today."
Translation:Hava bugün çok rüzgarlı.
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Duolingo almost always uses "standard" word order, with the predicate at the end.
The predicate is usually a verb but could also be an adjective or noun such as "rüzgarlı" that describes what or how the subject is.
So regardless of what people say on the street, for Duolingo, it's better to stick to a bit more conservative word order :)
I would like to know it too...wasn't "hava durumu" used for "weather" in another example?
EDIT: I checked with a native. Apparently just "hava" is better when talking about today's weather, whereas "hava durumu" can be used when talking (more formally) about longer-term weather conditions, in forecasts for example.
I am not a native speaker, but I guess the short answer would be something like this: In everyday language the accent is usually omitted, but sometimes it is needed to make a distinction between similar words.
For example:
hala = paternal aunt
hâlâ = still
kar = snow
kâr = profit
As for "rüzgâr" (a Persian loan word), the accent indicates that the preceding "g" should be pronounced in the front part of mouth, despite being followed by a back vowel ("a"). The same applies for the letter k of "kâr" in the above example.
In case of "hâlâ" and many other words, the accent indicates a long vowel.
Sources: "Turkish: An essential grammar" by Aslı Göksel and Celia Kerslake, "The delights of learning Turkish" by Yaşar Esendal Kuzucu, www.etimolojiturkce.com