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- "An bhfuil arán agat?"
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"fuil" is the present tense dependent form of the verb "bí" ("tá" in the present tense).
When used in the interrogative, it is eclipsed to bhfuil, so you have "tá mé"/"tá tú"/"tá sé" (I am/you are/he is), but "an bhfuil mé?"/"an bhfuil tú?"/"an bhfuil sé?" (am I?/are you?/is he?).
"have" is expressed using the phrase "tá X ag Y" (Y has X) and the question form uses the interrogative form of "tá" -"an bhfuil X ag Y?" (does Y have X?).
"bhfuil" doesn't mean "where", it's the equivalent of the am/are/is in the phrase.
"cá bhfuil mé?" - "where am I?", "cá bhfuil tú?" - "where are you?" and "cá bhfuil sé? - "where is he?"