"минус двадцать градусов"
Translation:minus twenty degrees
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Добро пожаловать в Россию :) https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=3KInXvWoq9U
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"Twenty degrees below" is pretty good American English, anyways, without the "zero," which should be written out. Actually "twenty below" is by far the most common variant.
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In Russia people usually say "минус двадцать" and it is enough, it's pretty understandable.
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Important distinction to make though. Just about every country outside of the US uses Celsius so 20 degrees below freezing isn't the same as 20 degrees below zero [degrees Fahrenheit].
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I suppose градусов is gen plural, but of what? And what is the nom singular and plural? Град, грады? And if so, does град have two meanings: degree and hail?
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I was confused a little bit because I just learned in Tips and Tricks that град is hail: that is similar to Dutch 'graad', which is degree in English. So I thought that град would probably have two meanings. But it's clear now. Thank you.
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You are correct, it is genitive plural. The nominative singular form is градус.
You can easily find this yourself, actually. There are any number of sites available, but I like this one: http://www.morfologija.ru/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0/%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2
The sentence does not state the scale used;). It would be «по Цельсию»/«по Фаренгейту», by the way.
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The word "minus" has a number of different grammatical functions in English:
"The word minus is a conjunction when used as a mathematical term for the difference between two numbers.
"It can also be a preposition, and adjective and a noun." https://www.answers.com/Q/What_part_of_speech_is_minus
Here I think it's an adjective modifying "twenty degrees". It's not a mathematical function. Or maybe it's a preposition. It's not a noun here. (Example of noun: "Lying to the FBI is a real minus for your future plans.")
