"Ona nigdy się tu nie pojawiła za dnia."
Translation:She never appeared here during the day.
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How do I know where to put the "się" in this sentence? It usually follows the verb, but not always. The "nie" precedes the verb, so it is the "tu" and the "się" that confuse me.
It's not that easy. Generally, it could be on either side of the verb, but it cannot start the sentence and it shouldn't end the sentence. But sometimes one of the versions sounds a lot better than the other one and there isn't any real reason other than 'it just sounds better stylistically'.
But it can also be divided from its verb by several words, even. Just like here. "się tu nie pojawiła" sounds perfectly natural to me. "nie pojawiła się tu" on its own as well, but then "tu" would land at the end of the sentence and that's inadvisable. "tu się nie pojawiła" is perfectly fine as well.
"się nie tu pojawiła" or "pojawiła się nie tu" would mean "appeared not here", so they're wrong.
The hints are incomplete in terms of cases - in fact Duolingo doesn't want us to put cases in hints because it messes with some exercises. Hopefully one day they will find a way to display them in a way that isn't problematic at all, as it would be really helpful for the learners.
"za" here takes Genitive indeed. But it isn't used much in such a meaning, only in some fixed phrases. "za dnia" = "during the day", "za moich czasów" = "in my times/in my days", "za Margaret Thatcher" = "during the time when Thatcher was in power", and a few other usages.