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I guess jutro rano is just an adverbial phrase of time, but in what case is it?
Both jutro and rano are adverbs and adverbs don’t decline, so they are not in any case.
So, what is "jutra" in the previous sentence "do widzenia, do jutra", if jutro doesn't decline ?
The word "jutro" can be either an adverb or a noun (see https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jutro#Polish). In "do jutra" it’s considered as a noun and declined (in the genitive case).
Russian has similar but parallel, different meaning, even though it sounds close.
RU: Imieju czas rano utrom,
"I have an hour early in the morning," where rano is "early," and utro is "morning." The words are swapped with Polish, almost.
dang, you're right. this is where it gets pretty complicated if you know Russian. I had to read this sentence a couple of times to get it in my head jutro = tomorrow = завтра rano = morning = утро wcześnie = early = рано
Similar situatuon in Serbo-Croatian :D "Imam čas rano ujutru" means "I have a class/an hour early in the morning".
Sorry. I seem to be grammatically challenged in this area. I don't understand the concept of 'tomorrow' or 'morning' as adverbs. I have always considered them nouns.
I understand adverbs to be modifiers of verbs. 'I speak slowly. '
Could you please explain?
Slowly explains the verb's how part. You can also explain the when part or where part. So, when you say "I'm slowly wiping the floor tomorrow", you're explaining the how part and when part of the verb.
It's important to note that "rano", when used as an adverb, doesn't mean "morning" in English, but rather "in the morning", except in the case of "jutro rano" which literally translates to "tomorrow morning". So, you can say "Idę rano" in Polish but not "I am going morning" in English - "rano" can act as both noun and adverb, while "morning" can not. (experts, correct me if I'm wrong somewhere)
The first thing : Polish is not alone in this. Compare French: aujourd'hui, matin, hier and so on.
Second: even in English you have this words describing time: recently, lately, long ago etc.- all of them adverbs.
In Polish there are some adverbs used as descriptors of time: rano, rankiem, wieczorem, nocą, dziś, dzisiaj, wczoraj, przedwczoraj, jutro, pojutrze, przedpołudniem, popołudniu
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Is it just me or is "Tomorrow morning I have time" a bit more correct on the English side than simply carrying the structure over into " I have time tomorrow morning"? It was shown wrong but sounds less bumpy....
I think it's interchangeable for the most part, in English. In Slavic languages, the words or phrase last in the sentence takes the emphasis.
