"Mali chłopcy nie lubią zupy."
Translation:Little boys do not like soup.
27 CommentsThis discussion is locked.
Genitive case is the one that is listed second on the declension charts, ( here is how to use Wiktionary and WSJP to get conjugation, you can access declension the same way )
Genitive is used:
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to indicate possession, a noun in Genitive goes second; Kasia's dog - Pies Kasi
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after negation of the verbs, that need accusative (as a direct object)
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as a direct of some verbs, some of them are seen as negative, like nienawidzić- hate; szukać- search, negować-negate, brakować- lack, odmawiać- refuse, but also some other ( I will link a list)
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after some numerals and quantifiers ( I guess that is for a lesson on numerals)
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after some prepositions ( z, ze in the from meaning) https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Polish/Prepositions_as_hints_to_declensions
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in dates
My translation of the Polish article about Genitive ( my bullet points are from the same thing) http://portalwiedzy.onet.pl/140223,,,,dopelniacz,haslo.html
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negative verbs:
nienawidzić - hate;
odmawiać- refuse;
negować, brakować-lack -
other verbs : bać się - be afraid of/fear,
brakować/ braknąć - lack,
chcieć - want,
dokonywać/ dokonać - manage,
domagać się - demand,
dotyczyć - apply, concern,
dotykać/ dotknąć - touch,
doznawać/ doznać - feel,
lękać się - be afraid/fear,
obawiać się - be afraid, fear,
oczekiwać - wait,
odmawiać/ odmówić - refuse,
pilnować guard, - look after,
potrzebować - need,
pragnąć - want,
próbować/ spróbować - try,
słuchać - listen,
spodziewać się - expect,
szukać/ poszukać - search, look for,
uczyć się/ nauczyć się - learn,
udzielać/ udzielić - grant,
unikać/ uniknąć - avoid,
używać/ użyć - use,
wymagać - demand,
wstydzić się be - ashamed ,
wystarczać/ wystarczyć- be enough,
zabraniać/ zabronić - forbid,
zakazywać/ zakazać - forbid,
zapominać/ zapomnieć - forget,
zazdrościć - be jealous, żałować - regret,
życzyć- wish. -
D występuje też z czasownikami z przedrostkami do- (w zn.: dodać coś do czegoś) oraz na- (w zn. osiągnąć cel), prefixes do- meaning add and -na meaning accomplish, reach target np.: doczekać się, dokupić, dolać, dosypać, naczytać się, nagadać, naopowiadać, naznosić
Verbs that require genitive from https://www.duolingo.com/comment/12459057
bać się - to be afraid
brakować/ braknąć - to be missing, to be insufficient
chcieć - to want
dokonywać/ dokonać - to achieve
domagać się - to demand
dotyczyć - to apply to
dotykać/ dotknąć - to be touching/ to touch
doznawać/ doznać - to experience, to feel
lękać się, obawiać się - to be afraid
oczekiwać - to wait for
odmawiać/ odmówić - to refuse
pilnować - to guard
potrzebować - to need
pragnąć - to desire
próbować/ spróbować - to be trying/ to try
słuchać - to listen
spodziewać się - to expect
szukać/ poszukać - to look for
uczyć się/ nauczyć się - to study/to learn
udzielać/ udzielić - to grant
unikać/ uniknąć - to avoid
używać/ użyć - to be using/ to use
wymagać - to demand
wstydzić się - to be embarrassed
wystarczać/ wystarczyć - to be sufficient
zabraniać/ zabronić, zakazywać/ zakazać - to forbid
zapominać/ zapomnieć - to forget
zazdrościć - to envy
żałować - to regret
życzyć - to wish
"Zupa" changes to "zupy" in the genitive, but "koszula" becomes "koszuli". Is there a reason for the different "y" and "i" endings?
The reason is that the letter "y" can never appear after the letter "l", therefore it changes to "i".
It’s often the case that either "y" or "i" is forbidden in a particular position, in which case it will change to the other one. In particular "y" cannot appear after "l" and "k" (so it becomes "i") and "i" cannot appear after "ł", "cz", "sz", "rz" and "ż" (so it becomes "y").
So that is why its mali and not małi! I cMe here to ask that question but it seems it was indirectly answered before i could even ask! Awesome!
zupa follows declination IV, with exceptions for -pa ending words (-ie instead of -e)
koszula follows declination I
Firstly, imagine the positive version of the sentence: The little boys like soup. The verb "lubić" (to like) takes Accusative.
Now, we negate it. If a verb that previously took Accusative gets negated, it takes Genitive instead. Which is "zupy".
Remember that only Accusative changes case when negated. Other cases just stay the same.
Just a small problem, not with the genitive for a change. I translated zupy as 'a soup', which is wrong. Don't see a problem here...
Well, they either don't like soup (soups) in general, or some specific soup, so 'the soup'. 'a soup' doesn't make much sense in this sentence, I believe.
Well, in English, soup is a non-countable noun as it's a liquid. So, it's soup (or sometimes 'some soup'). Unless you're talking about types of soup, but that just makes things complicated.
179
The noun soup, like water, coffee, milk, bread, pasta,
is not countable, so it does not require the article "a".
Mali chłopcy nie lubią zupy/(każdej zupy/wszystkich)
zup - Little boys do not like (the/this/that) soup/soup
- 1157
Listened to this a few times just to make sure I wasn't going mad.
- Male voice sounds like: Mali chłopcy nie lubią zupy
- Female voice (particularly slow) sounds like: Mali chłopcy nie lubią zupę
I'm now at that point in my listening where I know what she should be saying, so I'll write zupy anyway... but... I imagine for the folks just beginning, this could be quite confusing.
- 1157
Thanks for replying, but I guess we'll have to agree to disagree.
The male voice clearly sounds like the "y" sound in zupy is voiced from the back of the mouth, exactly as I'd expect, like the y sound in the English word "myth".
The female voice sounds lazy, and much more like zupe/zupę ... I noticed the same anomaly if you listen to "nie mamy zupy" in the negations module.
Disclaimer: my ears are 47 years old and not Polish :-)