"I have that tea."
Translation:Ja mam tamtą herbatę.
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"tamta" (tamta herbata) is Nominative, "tamtą" (tamtą herbatę) is Accusative.
Nominative is used mostly for the subject of the sentence (Tamta herbata jest smaczna), Accusative is used for the direct object of the sentence (as here).
I'll let myself assume (from your nickname) that you understand Russian, so that would be "Тот чай - вкусный" vs "Я имею тот чай", Wait, that's not the best example as it looks identically here... OK, "Та вода - вкусная" vs "Я имею ту воду". And yeah, "У меня та вода" would be more natural but wouldn't show anything ;)
This = Ta
That = Ta / Tamta
https://forum.duolingo.com/comment/26090156
Visualisation:
Near<--------------------->far
[---This---][-------That-------]
[---------Ta---------][-Tamta-]
------------[overlap]----------
Note that the accusative (which we need in this sentence) of ta is tę, whereas the accusative of tamta is tamtą.
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Polish_pronouns#Demonstrative_pronouns:_ten,_tamten