"The German airplane is flying over the Italian capital."
Translation:Niemiecki samolot leci nad włoską stolicą.
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Which way does it go? the adjective for permanent state before or after the noun and the non permanent state before or after? Blue suede shoes or shoes of blue suede Italian capital or capital of Italy. Is that a real thing?
You put the adjective after the noun if it's some kind of a category. For example "liczby całkowite" are integers - a category of numbers in maths. There's one Italian capital, it's not a category of capitals.
You can read more about it here: https://forum.duolingo.com/comment/21465404
Given the word order, I'd say that it's too different, although the difference may be subtle. In the original sentence, "the German airplane" is the subject, the sentence starts with mentioning its existence and then it says what the airplane is doing. In your sentence, which is perfectly correct on its own, its position at the end means that it's the new piece of information, therefore it's rather "a German airplane".
Short answer: Google Translate is wrong.
Slightly longer answer: GT is not a translator where every grammatical rule was coded by hand. Instead, it's an algorithm that analyses existing translation in order to "figure out" what to do. Thus, changing one word may sometimes in some inexplicable way significantly change the output. GT is useful to understand the gist of something written in another language, not to provide all the accurate details.