"Nie lubię tamtej kobiety."
Translation:I do not like that woman.
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So to add up:
Lubie tamta kobieta (singular, accusative)
Lubie tamte kobiety (plural, accusative)
Nie lubie tamtej kobiety (singular, genitive)
Nie lubie tych kobiet (plural, genitive) (although I haven't heard of this form yet ;))
Pff... just as I got the hang of the first three, the last one is just so unlike the others ;)
It's pretty much true (although the actual border between the determiners for each set of distances is running at slightly different place, with Polish using determiners for closer distances more often than English). Is there a context to your question? Have you seen somebody who would use „tej” here instead?
I learned to speak Polish growing up, but I never learned proper grammar nor how to write, thus a lot of my understanding of Polish grammar I've gleaned from listening to conversations. I've always thought the distinction between these two words was "This" vs. "That," but doing some of the lessons here have made me question that assumption. Personally I would also use "tamtej" here, but from what I understand, "tej" would also be perfectly valid?
Edit: Thanks for taking the time to answer, by the way!
You mean whether „tej” or „tamtej” is grammatically correct in this sentence (disregarding the translation)? Yes, both can be correct, it depends on how far away the woman in question is. Isn't it just how "this" and "that" work in English? The only difference is that there is a certain set, where Polish would still use "ten" (this), when English would already use "that" (tamten). I can't recall an example when it would be the other way around, with English still using "this" and Polish already going into "tamten".
Yes, that was my question. It was simply that Duolingo will accept either as valid, but will translate both in the same manner (based on the implied distance of the object in question). I suppose I overlooked the fact that distance is not made especially obvious as these are written questions though, so the distinction must simply be dwarfed in the text. Thanks again!
"lubić" should be "to like", and "kochać" should be "to love".
With things other than people, if the sentence uses "kochać" we usually also accept "to adore" and its Polish equivalent "uwielbiać".
The only sentence with "tasty food" that I can find now has "They are cooking", so none of those. If you can find it and comment there, maybe we can find out if it was a mistake or if there's some specific reason for such a translation.
Your surname suggests that you may probably be a native/fluent in Russian. Unlike Russian, Polish distinguishes very clearly between loving and liking.
Well, cases are a very wide issue, so I advice to take a look here: https://www.duolingo.com/comment/16296174 and search for comments about cases.
Nominative is the basic, dictionary form. So it will mostly be used for the subject of the sentence, and also for both X and Y in an "X to Y" sentences.
Genitive is needed by some prepositions, by some verbs, but also when negating a sentence that needed Accusative. If you wrote "I like that woman", it's "Lubię tamtą kobietę". "lubić" takes Accusative, like almost all the verbs that you learn at the beginning of this course. So, when negated, it takes Genitive instead.
Don't spread this rule too far: only Accusative changes case when negated, other cases stay the same.
Check this post for posts about cases and other things: https://www.duolingo.com/comment/16296174
This website: http://mowicpopolsku.com/ is also very good, even if they occasionally have some mistake.
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I wrote: "I do not like this woman" which is wrong as I understand, because tamtej means "that". What I don't understand is, why the correct answer given by Dou is: "I don't like the woman." As i understood "this" - "tej" - and "that" - "tamtej" - are only used to point out which person/ item I mean. I can understand that "tej" can be translated with "the". As there are no articles in Polish. But why should "tamtey" be traslated in "the"?
"lubić" takes Accusative, true. However, when a sentence which needed Accusative is negated, it takes Genitive itself.
"Lubię tamtą kobietę" (Accusative), but "Nie lubię tamtej kobiety" (Genitive).
As people often spread this rule too far, I have to point out: Accusative is the only case that changes when negated. Other cases stay the same.
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You can't identify who you don't like by race or gender. The Woke Army will come after you.
Regarding demonstrative words in Polish in general, I dare to ask how many variations of them are there? Thinking of the table in the tips, we have not covered all of the cases yet and there are seven cases. Now 7 times 4 (four for masculine, feminine, neuter and plural) gives 28 besides which there are further variations for animate and inanimate nouns plus negative verbs. My guess is an ominous number of about 36 different ways of saying THIS and a further 36 for THAT are terrifyingly possible. By contrast, so far the basic vocabulary in duolingo seems quite small., For example, in the exercises over and again the words horse dog cat man woman boy girl etc appear except merely with different vowels added at the end of them. .....
If you want the full table for "this", it's available here: https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/ten
The table for "that" is almost identical, with only one exception in singular feminine accusative: https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/tamten
When we ignore the seventh case, which, for these words, has identical forms to the first, this gives you 26 positions to memorize.