"Odpowiadam na pytanie."
Translation:I am answering the question.
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Well, grammatically the prepositions (or the lack of it here) very often don't correspond between languages. It is quite normal that in one language some construction needs "at" and in the other it needs what is equivalent to "by", for example. There is no other explanation.
"Odpowiadam pytanie" doesn't make any sense. In Polish you just answer "na pytanie".
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Think of it as "responding to a question" or "replying to a question". Then it makes sense :)
3044
"I answer the question" suggests a habit like you say. But "answering to" something/someone means you follow their orders, like you answer to your boss.
It's not a stupid question :)
"pytanie" is in Accusative here, but that's rather due to "na", or perhaps better to say, due to "odpowiadać na".
Usually "odpowiadać" takes Dative, but apart from this very construction here, you usually use it with people, when you "answer someone/reply to someone". That's when you use Dative.