"Wkładamy butelki do dużego pudełka."
Translation:We are putting the bottles into the big box.
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You use "kłaść" + "na" + Locative or Accusative when you put something on a surface. Locative focuses on when it ends up, Accusative focuses on the movement of 'putting', the difference is so slight that we can safely say they're the same.
You use "wkładać" + "do" + Genitive when you put something inside something.
For rather rare example, I can perhaps imagine using "kłaść" + "w" + Locative if I let's say put a toy at the bottom of a box, so in a way it's both putting it on a surface, and inside something. It seems safer to just treat it as 'inside something; as above.
For "wkładać" + "w" + Accusative I can only imagine putting a box inside another, slightly bigger box and saying "wkładam pudełko w pudełko".
you can use variants of "ten" when you really need to translate the=this.
But it needs to match gender, number and case of the noun. Here butelki are plural accusative not masculine personal so te butelki.
( In case you are wondering sometimes feminine single dative= plural nominative, and always plural not masculine personal nominative=accusative=vocative)
And of course if you did not know not masculine personal is a plural grammatical gender that includes all feminine, all neuter and masculine not personal nouns.