"I am not going to the party because I am dirty."
Translation:Nie idę na imprezę, bo jestem brudny.
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It wasn't. Though, if you were split between, say, walking and taking a taxi, based on the weather, would you generally say idę over jadę?
The word "idę" has nothing to do with walking or any other way of transport in this context. It indicates, the same way as the English phrase "I am going" does, the intention of attending the party (or not).
The translation "Nie jadę na imprezę, bo jestem brudny" provides more information than the original sentence, therefore it should not be accepted as a correct one.
So I understand that when there is a sentence where there is an accusative with "na" because someone is going to an event/open space, it does not turn into genitive when negated (am I right?). Is there some bigger pattern here like it is the same whenever there is a prepositon before the accusative or something like that?
The hint comes from the English for Polish speakers course (the courses share the hints, unfortunately) - and it's there because "going to" in English has one other major meaning, i.e. "will". "(nie) zamierzam" literally means "I (do not) intend" and it teaches the Polish people how to understand the construction "I am (not) going to cook lunch", "I am (not) going to go to the cinema with you", etc.
I just added several hints that are more literal - about going to some place. They should appear on top next time (or at least 'soon').
Given that Polish Present Tense verbs and Future Simple verbs can be veeery similar (sometimes differing by literally one letter), we decided to strictly keep to the same tense that is used in the original sentence. Sure, the meaning of "pójdę" in this sentence is virtually the same. But want to stick to the tense used, so both Polish and English use Present Tense here. "pójdę" is Future Simple, so "I will (not) go".