"Mój ojciec nie akceptuje naszego związku."
Translation:My father does not accept our relationship.
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You're right, as one is not asked regularly whether one accepted something finally, e.g. electoral results or the defeat in a game. The first rejection or acceptance of something mostly sets off the next steps derived therefrom. Thus, the present tense is the most natural to use it with.
It sounds weird and I can't really tell you why. There were plenty of examples in the corpus with akceptować/tolerować, but when I changed the verb to przyjmować, there were just 4 results and in none of them związek meant 'romantic relationship'.
Maybe przyjmować is more physical/visual, whereas akceptować is about mental attitude.
The only way to use "przyjmować" in this sentence would be Mój ojciec nie przyjmuje do wiadomości
naszego związku, but it has a different meaning. This means he refuses to acknowledge (does not admit to his consiousness) or simply ignores the relationship.
One can przyjmować something that is being given to you or offered, whether physical (gifts) or abstract (thanks, best wishes, apologies).
Union is kind of formal and mainly means marriage for the union between individuals. It is a subset of relationship, so it is too specific.
This sentence may refer to friendship, not only to romantic relationship.
The diki.pl dictionary lists union (meaning marriage) only in the fifth position.
Cambridge Dictionary does not even list it in the English-Polish dictionary and Merriam-Webster dictionary does not list relationship among the synonyms.
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And Lexico (based on the OED) lists it in the third position, but I too would say that it is overtly formal, nearly obsolete nowadays, although it is not marked as such, so that those are just my two cents. I think I would allow it if I were a moderator, but would not place it in any prominent position such as the top answer. It's not wrong, just not used as often nowadays as may have been in the past.
DorotaJarosz already wrote about that above: https://forum.duolingo.com/comment/14792115?comment_id=48730798