"Moja żona ma kapelusz."
Translation:My wife has a hat.
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I actually saw it on stage first. During my freshman year my residence advisor was a theater major and he turned the story into a play for his senior thesis. I had no idea what the hell was going on! :)
Well I can imagine that seeing something like that without being prepared may be quite a surprise ;)
Why "My wife has hat." isn't corect? In England, people aren't use "a" very often. Can you explain it?
Actually, in a sentence like this, articles are required and we do use them. If you want to say that a person has a noun (a thing), you need to say "Jane has a dog (or hat, car, flower...)". If you want to say that the person has a specific one, you can use "the" instead of "a".
There are exceptions to this rule, of course (every rule has exceptions in English). If the noun is a mass noun like milk (you can't say "one milk, two milks, three milks..."), you don't use an indefinite article (a or an), so you say "Jane has milk". You use "the" to talk about specific milk, though, so you can say "Jane has the milk". You also don't use an article with a proper noun, so you say "Jane has Facebook", not "Jane has a Facebook" or "Jane has the Facebook".
If you don't like "a," make everything that uses "a" plural. We don't have a plural version.
She doesn't have a cat. - She doesn't have cats.
I don't have a phone. - I don't have [any] phones.
Sometimes this is a bit weird/incorrect though:
We don't have/own a house. - We don't have/own [any] houses.
He has a car. - He has cars.
This probably works best with negative sentences because changing it to plural is much less likely to change the meaning. Maybe this is why you don't hear "a" sometimes and it shows you that plural/singular matters.
Why kapelusz in accusative form is not kapelusza? Knowing that other masculine like (kot, pies) becomes kota and psa?
In the Accusative case for masculine nouns (and only there) it is important whether the noun is animate or not.
Animate nouns have their Accusative form identical to Genitive, that's why you have "kota" and "psa".
Inanimate nouns have their Accusative form identical to Genitive, and this is what happens here.
Multiple nouns are commonly treated as grammatically animate without any particular logic, you can read more about that in Part 4,5 of this post: https://forum.duolingo.com/comment/28029344