"Boli mnie głowa."
Translation:My head hurts.
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In Russian, Boli mnie golowa, is what you would say if you were commanding your head to start hurting. Hahaha!
Usually SVO (or SOV for object pronouns) is the standard word order, but in certain contexts the topic-comment-distinction (the relevant/new information is placed at the end of a sentence) overrides SVO/SOV.
Here that makes sense, as:
"Głowa mnie boli." (głowa is the topic, boli is the comment) - technically answers the question: "How is your head doing?" But if such a question were to be asked, then głowa would be redundant. Just "Boli." would be enough.
"Boli mnie głowa." (boli is the topic, głowa is the comment) - answers the question: "Where do you feel pain?"
Having said that, Głowa mnie boli is of course correct and accepted in the reverse exercise.
In the 19th century, boleć + [dative case] was quite common in the Kresy region and also among Poles living in Lithuania. But nowadays, Standard Polish only accepts the accusative, hence it should be "boli mnie".