"Hol látsz egy diákot?"
Translation:Where do you see a student?
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It can be any but there's another word for university student: hallgató. (literally: listener)
Few days before starting with duolingo I was looking for some books of Hungarian for Italian (about grammar) and the most recent I found was around 50years old... can't express my delusion in words here :D fortunatly there is a writer who is going to release a new one in a few months, that said.... In this old book at the second lesson there is a word for "university student" = "egyetemista" Is that an old version and not anymore in use or what? ^^ Should I just keep in mind "hallgató"?
Storytime! :)
The -o- is regular, -a- is the exception. So for new loanwords, it's always -o- (unless it's -e-, of course.)
The words that take -a- used to end with an -a, but we lost those worthless sounds. Finnish Estonian for example didn't, so you can still see those -a's at the end of the appropriate cognates.
Examples: - ház (hun: house) kota (fin: hut) (yes, these two are actually cognates.) - hal (hun: fish) kala (fin) - máj (hun: liver) maksa (fin) - száz (hun: hundred) sata (fin)
The ones above all take -a-
EDIT: also, conjugated words might take -a- regardless of everything I said above, but there are rules for those. So for instance the accustaive of piros (red) isn't pirosat because of some etymological wizardry, but because it's derived from the (now unused) word "pir."
Thank you so much! I find word etymologies to be very helpful with memorizing and very interesting regardless.
One more thing:
dia = slide strip (filmstrip),
diák = student OR slide strips (plural),
diákat = slide strips (accusative, plural),
diákot = student (accusative),
diákokat = students (accusative, plural)
Okay, actually it was five more things.
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From what I heard, -t and -k endings after back vowels can get -o- and -a- in different words, and there aren't any easy and clear-cut rules when to use when. I think at this point it's better to just memorise.
If a word has both front and back vowels in it i.e. Diák, how do you know which accusative ending to give it.
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There are not hard-and-fast rules, but a few clues you can follow.
For diák, for instance, remember that 'i' and 'í' are kind of wild-card vowels. They can appear in either front- or back-vowel words and have no influence on the harmony. For words that only consist of i or í it's often a bit of a guessing game: hír, liszt, szín (news, flour, colour) get front-vowel treatment, híd, ír, íj (bridge, to write, bow) have back-vowel harmony. In earlier days of the language there was another i-like sound, one that was spoken a bit more gutturally, which since merged with the front-i and left us with a bit awkward vowel harmony rules. (My favourite by the way is 'biciklizik' - to ride a bike. I still don't know exactly which harmony it uses, but I think it's a front-vowel verb.)
In other words you have stray 'é' in otherwise back-vowel words, like béka (frog) or acél (steel). Those have back-vowel harmony. Same issue here: there was a different sound earlier on that got merged with the é.
Now, with the rare true mixed words (which are mostly foreign words), you generally take only the last vowel into account. Like technika - technics, which is treated as a back-vowel word.
Thanks for your reply, it was very interesting. I find Hungarian difficult enough as it is with the different front vowel and back vowel endings which we don't have in English and when there are also lots of exceptions to the rules as well it just increases the difficulty.
