"It is too late for breakfast."
Translation:Jest za późno na śniadanie.
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Well, not necessarily, I can without a problem imagine using it for feelings and emotions, as it implies "This feeling that you feel/That emotion that we discuss"... The examples when it will be only "jest" and not "to jest" are probably quite rare.
I think that if the English sentence starts with "This is", there's probably no way that it will be one of those exceptions, but this one starts with a completely impersonal "It is". Such exceptions will probably denote something about time, weather, sometimes the way you feel. At least that's what comes to my mind right now.
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Jest za wcześnie by pić. = It is too early to drink.
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Na plaży jest gorąco. = It is hot at the beach. (It could be "Jest gorąco na plaży" as well - although a bit less natural, and I don't think that "at the beach" can be treated as a subject, so there's none)
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Jest mi niedobrze. = I feel 'not-good' = I feel sick = I feel like I'm gonna vomit.
Firstly, "na" in this meaning (it's too late for something, this food is for a specific meal, etc.) takes Accusative.
"śniadanie" is a neuter noun, which means its Accusative form is identical to Nominative, there's no change in ending.
"kolacja" is a feminine noun, which means its Accusative form is different, the -a ending changes to -ę.