"I know some children."
Translation:Én ismerek néhány gyereket.
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1402
If there is any word indicating that there are multiple things involved, like 'many' (sok), 'some' (néhány), or numbers (két, három and so on), you use the singular noun.
This is indefinite conjugation, (some children, not the children). See here http://www.hungarianreference.com/Verbs/Verbs-Definite-Conjugation.aspx and here http://www.hungarianreference.com/Verbs/Verbs-Indefinite-Conjugation.aspx.
1402
No, you can only tud facts. Ismer is describing a familiarity with people or settings, something you've seen before.
Plus, tudom is definite conjugation which doesn't apply here since the children are not defined. You'd need tudok or ismerek, respectively.
1791
Could you use "kevés" instead of "néhány", so "Kevés gyereket ismerek" or “Ismerek kevés gyereket" are "kevés" and "néhány" interchangeable or is there a rule for when you use each one?
1402
Kevés is usually translated as "few" or "a few" (or "little / a little" for uncountable nouns), while néhány is "some". In practical terms they are pretty interchangeable, though, like "a few" and "some" in English.
1402
The age of the speaker. :)
They are synonyms and/or writing variants of the same word. Gyerek is the more modern variant and more popular nowadays, but some derived words are more common with gyermek, like gyermektelen - childless.
1402
pár = a pair, a couple (kettő), vagy "a couple of" (néhány), amelyik hasonló "some"-nak.
1402
It's wrong. It's true that the emphasis is on the thing in front of the verb, but you cannot just separate an adjective from its noun. "Néhány gyereket" has to stay together. If you put ismerek behind it, it can emphasise either part of that construction. In speech, you can put stress on the specific word you want to emphasise.