"I eat because I am hungry."
Translation:אני אוכל כי אני רעב.
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This is how Duo showed it this time, "אני אוכלת מפני שאני רעבה." I have only ever seen it as "אני אוכל כי אני רעב." with "כי", what does "מפני" mean? :) Please.
As you probably guessed, -מפני ש has a similar meaning to כי. It's a bit more formal.
Technically incorrect, but I've added it as an alternative since it's so common among native speakers.
As far as I know it's not grammatically incorrect so there's really no reason not to use it.
I stand corrected, the Academy doesn't encourage it, but neither does it prohibit it:
my teacher always made a face when somebody said " בגלל ש" ... But it's very common.
You don't say that. It's either בגלל שאני or כי אני. It's a subtle difference in the reference of these prefixes בגלל/כי. Reasons following בגלל should start with ש when referring to an action, those preceded by כי however, must not start with ש. Gramarly speaking, in fact בגלל ש is street language, you won't find it in official newspaper. בגלל is used on a subject: הוא נפל בגלל האבן, הכלב מת בגללו and so on.
In biblical Hebrew, perhaps (it might mean "if", and "if" is almost "when").
Not really. However you could say אני אוכל כשאני רעב, but that would be different than the original sentence. The meaning would be when instead of because.