"Who is standing in front of the store?"
Translation:Ki áll az üzlet előtt?
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1031
bolt: 1: shop, store; 2: deal, bargain
üzlet: 1: business, deal, transaction; 2: shop, store, business concern
Basically "üzlet" becomes a shop from it being a place where business is conducted.
Size is not an issue. I saw a tiny flower shop labelled "virág üzlet".
No, that wouldn't be grammatically correct.
The only other possibility would be "az üzlet előtt ki áll?", but that puts the focus on the place and means something more like "and in front of the store, who is standing there?". (For example, as a followup question once the conversation has already established that somebody is standing somewhere else.)
1031
You have two separate verbs in the sentence. "is standing" = "stands" = "does stand" are just one verb - áll.
I think what you wrote is more "Who exists in front of the store? He stands".
1031
Yes, I understand the difference between áruház and bolt. But in English I could say "store" for "department store". If I meant a "little store" I'd tend to say "shop".
1031
"üzletben" is inside the store ie enclosed within its walls. "in front of the store" is outside, at the front. For this you use the postposition "előtt".