"The cook did not know the recipe."
Translation:הטבח לא ידע את המתכון.
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It's similar to Romance languages distinction between knowing a fact, לדעת (Sp. & Port. saber / It. sapere / Fr. savoir), and knowing a person, להכיר (Sp. conocer / It. conoscere / Port. conhacer / Fr. connaître). The former works best in this case. There's a discussion here (NightKitten gives examples): https://forum.duolingo.com/comment/29669973/are-the-Hebrew-words-for-know-%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A8-%D7%99%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A2-interchangeable
Well, with past, future and infinitive only לא is used. But this is not a hard and fast distinction. It may sometimes simply serve to create variety: הִיא אֵינָה זְקוּקָה לִקְסָמִים, הִיא לֹא זְקוּקָה לְרַקְדָּנִיּוֹת מְפַזְּזוֹת, וְהִזא אֵינֶ֫נָּה צְרִיכָה תַּפְאוּרָה she does not need charms, she does not need prancing dancers, and she does not require decor (Cf. The grammar of Modern Hebrew by L. Glinert p. 541) This being a fancy stylistic device, I would not recommend using it.
Well, if you listen to Forvo, the syllable structure of יָדְעָה is different, in as much the ד belongs to the first syllable.