"Αυτή είναι η φιλοσοφία."
Translation:This is philosophy.
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Both "this is philosophy" and "this is the philosophy" are accepted as correct translations; and yet in English, these have different meanings. Is this just one of those many ambiguities in cross-language communication, or is there another answer/perspective?
Αυτή is both a personal and a demonstrative pronoun.
The emphasized III:rd persons are αυτός conjugated: αυτ-ός; αυτοί, αυτή; αυτές, αυτό; αυτά = he; they (masculine gender), she; they (feminine gender), it, they (neutral gender)
The same αύτος conjugated gives this, these for different genders. Note that if this/these is an adjective the noun must have its definite article: this student, αυτός ο μαθητής/ αυτή η μαθήτρια
Yes, "είναι" is used for "he/she/it" as well as "they".
You will see the full conjugation of this verb, plus a lot of other helpful information in the Tips¬es section. To access that click on Tips at the start of the lesson.
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