Yes, finally a sentence that allows for preposition stranding! :D

I should note, through, that the last two "from"s aren't necessary.

Indeed, the two last 'from's are not necessary and have caused me yet again to get one wrong because I didn't use stilted English. (Sometimes indeed I do use stilted English to find that it isn't acceptable. be consistent.)

--------- the 2nd and 3rd from are redundant . . .

English question: why doesn't planes instead of airplanes work here?

This translation is too literal, also, ending a clause/sentence with a preposition should be avoided. So, I'd say "From where are these strange airplanes, (from) England or Israel?" would idiomatically mean the same as the Hungarian statement.