jachetă means jacket.

I think with palton they mean something heavier, like this: https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palton#/media/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10539,_Berlin,_Clown_Grock_mit_Gattin.jpg

and with jacket something lighter and smaller, like this: https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fișier:Tommy_Hilfiger_jacket.jpg