Ya versus Za
I am getting a lot wrong because I do not know when to use ya or za. Please help
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The word habari is an N-class noun meaning its singular (class 9) and plural (class 10) forms are the same.
The word for "of" is essentially just -a, a very common little word that has a stack of different forms because it takes a consonant prefix that agrees with (changes according to) the noun class of the word before it (the possessed object).
You can see a table with all of the forms here: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/a#Swahili
The other possessive words -angu (my), -ako (your, singular), -ake (her/his), -etu (our), -enu (yous guys's) and -ao (their) take the same consonant prefixes and these are very similar to the subject/object prefixes on verbs, making it relatively painless to learn, even though that table might look scary.
So, for an example of this, we can use the word nyumba (house(s)), which is in the N-class and thus doesn't show if it's plural or singular directly.
nyumba yangu = my house
nyumba zangu = my houses
nyumba ya watu = the house of the people
nyumba za watu = the houses of the people
Of course, it doesn't help that two of the common translations of habari happen to be uncountable in English, "news" and "information", but we can imagine that habari means "piece of news/information" in the singular and "pieces of..." in the plural.
In the greetings, they're more or less interchangeable, with z-, at least theoretically asking for more information than y-, but I think in some cases, one is simply more common than the other just because of convention. In my admittedly rather limited exposure to Swahili, it seems to me like habari za asubuhi and habari yako are more common than their equivalent forms with z- and y- swapped. If you're really interested, you could try googling these phrases in quotation marks to see which ones are more common, but both are grammatically correct in any case.
You will notice that later into the course there are also others like ya, za, la, ki, and vi. For now it helps to remember them but it makes more sense the further you get into the course. I'm glad you're trying Swahili!!
is it a matter of tense? Thank you. I remember my first intro to Swahili was in elementary school with an alphabet book (one word for each letter). Are you a native speaker?
It doesn't have to do with tense, it has to do with the word. I'll give examples Kiti ni kichafu = The chair (Kiti) is dirty (ni kichafu) Maembe ni machafu = Mangoes (Maembe) are dirty (ni machafu)
It's confusing but you get used to it. I'm not a native speaker. I'm working on speaking like one someday but I've only been studying Swahili for about a month and a half.
what is tripping me up is, for example habari ya and habari za. sometimes it's "how is" and other times it's "how was"
When I see 'ya' I think one thing. When I hear 'za' I think of many things.
I haven't seen that. Next time you see it, tell me what the sentence was and I'll try to figure it out. It might just be a problem with the course, it's still in beta.
