I'm far from an expert, but here's what I understand:

• か (ga) marks the subject of the sentence (the person doing the action)
• を (o) marks the direct object of the sentence
• は (wa) marks the topic of the sentence

The topic takes the place of the subject once the subject has been introduced. Marking the topic allows you to omit that noun in subsequent sentences.

The basic flow goes:

1. introduce subject using か
2. mark it as the topic using は (i.e. in the best sentence)
3. omit it from future sentences (it is now implied)

Here's an article on the subject:

http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/lessons/beginning/the-topic-marker-wa/

"~ga arimasen" means "there is/are no ~/there is/are not ~" in the sense of does not exist (however, instead of "arimasen", "imasen" is used for living beings).

"~de wa arimasen" means "I/you/he/she/it/we/they/someone/something is not/no ~" in the sense of negating a characteristic of something/someone.

I also learned saying じゃありません, with a じ at the beginning. I don't know the different tho... hehehe

ga aremasen*

「ではありません」 is the negative form of 「です」. 「では」 often gets contracted into 「じゃ」so more informally you would say 「じゃありません」 or 「じゃない」.

You can tap on parts of the sentence and it will tell you what they mean by themselves. In this case: いいえ(no)、日本人(Japanese person)ではありません(not be (polite)). So more literally: “No, [implied subject] is not Japanese.” By default you would assume that the speaker is talking about themselves, that’s why the model solution is “I am not Japanese”, but depending on the context it could also be he, she, we, they – even you (though you have to imagine a situation involving amnesia or maybe a very small child something to make it plausible for the listener to not know their own nationality).

tbf I think DuoLingo doesn't teach the language at all; it's a good and nice practise app, but hardly a learning app.

I'd recommend learning from another source such as Textfugu or Human Japanese.

It does feel a lot harder having to try my best to memorize what feels like a very long sentence when so new to a language, not knowing what each part really means.

Also, a written pronunciation would help a lot, as there are a lot of consonants that sounds similar when spoken.

This grammar rule is used for "existence": ～には～があります/います。For ではありません the phrase is used for negation no matter what you are talking about.

Well, also understand that if you were to say, for example, "I am not at school" you would say: "(私は)学校にいません。" because as you correctly pointed out います is used to talk about living thing. However, a name is not living, nor would you want to use a form a verb that in the most basic sense means "to exist". Basically, ではありません is not used for negation regardless, it's used here because it is a possible present negative form of a verb that means "to be" (i.e. であります is effectively the same thing as です)

Hello andi_kan. The answer is "arimasen." In Japanese, 'n' is the only consonant that technically can stand alone without a vowel in trail. The standalone "n" can appear in the middle of the word or at the end of it, as with verbs ending in 'masen'. The rule is when the consonant 'n' is followed by a consonant made with the lips (p, b, or m), it is pronounced as 'm' and that gives you such words as tempura or kombu, which may appear to defy the the rule that only 'n' can stand alone, but as you pointed out, "tempura" written in hiragana or katakana uses the standalone n: てんぷら. I hope this helps.

There isn't one. The subject is very often implied in Japanese based on context.

Nihonjin = japanese (person, not language) and "dewa arimasen" basically means "not". Its just the polite negative form of "desu".

It would have been “wa imasen” for people in that construction.

Yes, but only the topic marker は. In other words it is pronounced as “ha” just like you would expect (e.g. 歯(は) "teeth": ha, 花(はな) "flower": hana).

There are rules when to use each script. Chinese characters are used for words that come from Chinese. Kanji is used for words that were borrowed from other languages. Hiragana is used for everything else and show Japanese origin. Characters borrowed from Chinese may still use Japanese words for pronunciation. Some Chinese characters may be modified for Japanese. Duolingo may use hiragana at times when a Chinese character could be used, for the purpose of teaching Japanese pronunciation of the Japanese word behind it. If Duolingo uses the Chinese character, you should memorize it and use it that way from then on.

No, that would be “No, Japanese people… no.” いいえ is the opposite of はい, and only that. It is not used for English “not” or “no + noun” (= “not a single”). For the former you have to use the negative form of the verb (which in the case of -です is -でわありません or -ではない). For “no + noun” Japanese usually uses a different construction and says “noun does not exist” (or on signs like “no entrance [allowed]” Japanese would formulate this as “entrance forbidden”).

-です is the positive form. To negate it, you have to use -ではありません (or -ではない, but the model solutions usually seem to prefer the slightly more formal -ではありません).

Yes, that is correct and it is the correct answer listed at the top of the page.

The negative form is the first one. That is just the way it is.

How many onions you eat in a day dear OnionMaster03

Unfortunately, Duolingo knows too many languages. The word “mot” is not an English word, but it is a French word that actually means “word”. You would have had a better chance at a typo with “npt”.

It includes the verb so it means “is not”. They may wonder why we use something so short.

In English, the word is always capitalized. In some languages, the word for a person is capitalized, but the adjective would not be, so Duolingo had to become picky about capitalization.