"Jsou to staré ženy."
Translation:They are old women.
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I asked a Czech friend, who didn't really know, but we surmise that the 'to' is needed because without it when using the third person it isn't clear who we are speaking about.
First person, it's clear:
Jsem stará žena - myself (there's only one me)
Jsme staré ženy - us (there's only one us)
Second person, it's clear:
Jsi stará žena - you (there's only one you)
Jste staré ženy - you guys (there's only one group of you)
Third person, it's not clear which woman/women we are talking about:
Je stará žena - a specific woman or another unspecified woman?
Jsou staré ženy - some specific women or other unspecified women?
We need to add 'that' (to) or 'they' (ony - at the beginning) in order to clarify who
In giving the English translation as an answer it's not needed to add anything, such as 'They are those old women' because in English we don't omit the personal pronoun (they) as is done in Czech.
Thank you for taking the time to reply so thoroughly. I begin to get what you mean, but I think the process will be one of osmosis to really internalise the habit and use of this structure.
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Thank you Mattvick and others, but to me, whose native language is English, your explanation doesn't entirely make sense, to my native English speaking mind, anyway : ) Here's why: I fail to perceive how the "to" adds clarity, as you claim. That word ("to") is also vague, it's just a demonstrative pronoun like "those" in English. In this sentence, clearly we're referring to women, so we know we mean people and not things, even without the "to."
To my native English language mind, "they are old women" would be "jsou stary zena" and "those are old women" might be "jsou to stary zena" or, as I (native English speaker) would naively expect, "to jsou stary zena."
What I infer from other comments here, is that "jsou stary zena" just sounds strange to native Czech speakers and it's simply not said that way. And I can understand if that's the case- every language has its idiosyncrasies.
By the way, can one say "To jsou stary zena" or would that be wrong for some reason, or just sound odd, or mean something else?
Thanks, everybody!
What's the point of the "to" here? Wouldn't "Jsou staré ženy" mean the same thing?
Hi, "staré ženy" is description. Even though you say "Jsou staré ženy" I'd immediately ask "Who or what are they?". So you need to clarify "To jsou staré ženy"or "Ony jsou staré ženy", "Babičky jsou staré ženy", etc. I think grammatically I'd say that you can skip subject but object needs to be clear, not sure though
Just a hypotheseis. The "to" seems to fulfil the function of French "ce" in c'est or ce sont here. Ce sont de vieilles dames. They are some old women, but not all the old women that exist. Can any native speaker help here? This is hard to understand.
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What if you were to say "Ony jsou staré ženy" or "Jsou ty staré ženy"? Is "to" a demonstrative or personal pronoun in this context?
Also, the Wikipedia page on Czech Declension mentions that "to" could be used such that this means "These are old women". Would that be correct?
ony jsou staré ženy would work. not sure if jsou ty valid, they seem to favout jsou to. using to would give meaning "these are old women". These are == they are
Yes, use of "to" here, confuses me as well. I don't understand why it is needed. Furthermore, I would expect "ty" is used as "staré ženy" is feminine plural .
Yeah, the "to" confuses me here. Would you need that any time you are saying 'those are' or 'they are'?
That's such specific definiteness that Czech would almost certainly use a demonstrative there: "To jsou ty staré ženy".
"žena" is a "woman". It can mean "wife" when the context suggests it, for example when somebody talks about "moje žena" (my wife) or you talk about "Františkova žena" (František's wife) - it would make little sense if it meant "woman" in those contexts, wouldn't it?