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- "Bread and apples"
"Bread and apples"
Translation:빵과 사과
47 Comments
Just '사과' without '들' can mean both singular and plural. Like '사과가 많다' (=There is a lot of apples). '들' emphasizes plurals.
According to the notes for Basics 1, "using 들 is often optional. It can be omitted if plurality is implied within the sentence, and is otherwise necessary for animate nouns/people but uncommon with inanimate nouns."
While an apple is a living thing, it's not generally considered an animate noun linguistically.
Add brie and you've got a nice sandwich.
<h1>Some conjecture regarding the origin of ⟨와⟩</h1>
The difference between ⟨과⟩ and ⟨와⟩ boils down to the initial consonant ⟨ㄱ⟩; ⟨과⟩ is used after consonants and ⟨와⟩ is used after vowels. This is a very old pattern going all the way back to the time 한글 was invented! Although ⟨와⟩ has never changed form in written 한글, old writing practices suggest that ⟨ㅇ⟩ (not ⟨ㆁ⟩) actually had a weak pronunciation—likely some kind of [ɣ]—in the time of Middle Korean.
The [ɣ] sound can be found in many modern languages as: Spanish ⟨amigo⟩ [a̠ˈmi.ɣo̟]; Polish ⟨niechże⟩ [ˈɲɛɣ.ʐɛ]; Greek ⟨γάλα⟩ [ˈɣɐ.lɐ]; Arabic ⟨غريب⟩ [ɣæˈriːb]; and Azerbaijani ⟨yoğurt⟩ [jo.ɣurt]. In many cases, [ɣ] can be directly traced back to an old [k] or [g] sound. ⟨amigo⟩, for example, derived from Latin ⟨amicus⟩. ⟨yoğurt⟩ derived from Old Turkic ⟨yogurt⟩. The condition for the weakening sound change was when [g] or [k] came in between vowels. This process is evident in another language, Turkish, in which intervocalic ⟨k⟩ → ⟨ğ⟩ change is an active part of the language’s morphology (e.g., ⟨gelecek⟩ + ⟨im⟩ → ⟨geleceğim⟩). Nowadays in standard Turkish, ⟨ğ⟩ is often silent or elongates a previous vowel.
The modern Korean ⟨와⟩ may be a byproduct of ⟨과⟩ having undergone the same weakening process over the centuries:
- (Pre-MK) “밥과” [pap.kwa] → (MK) ⟨밥과⟩ [pap.kwa] → ⟨밥과⟩ [pap.kwa]
- (Pre-MK) “파과” [pʰa.kwa] → (MK) ⟨파와⟩ [pʰa.ɣwa] → ⟨파와⟩ [pʰa.∅wa]
와 is for words ending in vowels, 과 is for words ending in consonants. (Sorta like a/an in English)
It would be 사과와 빵, since sagwa ends in a vowel, so you use wa instead of gwa.
Why is the second syllable in apple 과 (sounds like go-a) pronounced differently than the 과 (gwa) attached to bread in this sentence? Is there some pronunciation rule based on the preceding syllable?
Because in apple it isn't the "and" particle. an apple is always called sakwa
2116
I'm not sure i understand. Is that to just say, it is what it is, no more general rule to know?
It's a different particle that's just spelled the same way, is that correct? Like a homonym?
The first one means "and", the second one is part of the word for "apple(s)" (and comes from a Chinese word meaning "fruit").
- 92
Maybe because of the space between 빵 and 하고? The 하고 should come directly after the noun without space: 빵하고 사과. There is, however, a space after it.
Why is the correct answer sometime man woman and not" man AND women" even though the question written in korean has the word and in it
I know that this question can sound stupid, but what is the "과" at the end of "빵" ?
- 92
You don't. It is the same word. The context may or may not help to make the distinction in English.
I've seen 과 and 와 used for "and" does it depend on the emding sound of the previous word which one i use?
I think you'll find your answer in the comment thread started by TheRest1.
I chose right, I am just here to see the inanimated plural form but couldn't find in any comment above.
