"Bread and apples"
Translation:빵과 사과
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Just '사과' without '들' can mean both singular and plural. Like '사과가 많다' (=There is a lot of apples). '들' emphasizes plurals.
According to the notes for Basics 1, "using 들 is often optional. It can be omitted if plurality is implied within the sentence, and is otherwise necessary for animate nouns/people but uncommon with inanimate nouns."
While an apple is a living thing, it's not generally considered an animate noun linguistically.
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There are notes??? I don't see any on Korean, even though there were in previous languages
Add brie and you've got a nice sandwich.
<h1>Some conjecture regarding the origin of ⟨와⟩</h1>
The difference between ⟨과⟩ and ⟨와⟩ boils down to the initial consonant ⟨ㄱ⟩; ⟨과⟩ is used after consonants and ⟨와⟩ is used after vowels. This is a very old pattern going all the way back to the time 한글 was invented! Although ⟨와⟩ has never changed form in written 한글, old writing practices suggest that ⟨ㅇ⟩ (not ⟨ㆁ⟩) actually had a weak pronunciation—likely some kind of [ɣ]—in the time of Middle Korean.
The [ɣ] sound can be found in many modern languages as: Spanish ⟨amigo⟩ [a̠ˈmi.ɣo̟]; Polish ⟨niechże⟩ [ˈɲɛɣ.ʐɛ]; Greek ⟨γάλα⟩ [ˈɣɐ.lɐ]; Arabic ⟨غريب⟩ [ɣæˈriːb]; and Azerbaijani ⟨yoğurt⟩ [jo.ɣurt]. In many cases, [ɣ] can be directly traced back to an old [k] or [g] sound. ⟨amigo⟩, for example, derived from Latin ⟨amicus⟩. ⟨yoğurt⟩ derived from Old Turkic ⟨yogurt⟩. The condition for the weakening sound change was when [g] or [k] came in between vowels. This process is evident in another language, Turkish, in which intervocalic ⟨k⟩ → ⟨ğ⟩ change is an active part of the language’s morphology (e.g., ⟨gelecek⟩ + ⟨im⟩ → ⟨geleceğim⟩). At the time the Latin alphabet was adopted for the Turkish language, ⟨ğ⟩ was pronounced like [ɣ]. Nowadays in standard Turkish, ⟨ğ⟩ is often silent or elongates a previous vowel.
The modern Korean ⟨와⟩ may be a byproduct of ⟨과⟩ having undergone the same weakening process over the centuries:
- (Pre-MK) “밥과” [pap.kwa] → (MK) ⟨밥과⟩ [pap.kwa] → ⟨밥과⟩ [pap.kwa]
- (Pre-MK) “파과” [pʰa.kwa] → (MK) ⟨파와⟩ [pʰa.ɣwa] → ⟨파와⟩ [pʰa.∅wa]
There are a lot of other suffixes that alternate based on the phonetic environment. Most of them are easy to explain. But 이-가 alternation is much harder since historically, it was “이” in all phonetic environments (sometimes with contraction). “가” only started being used in the 17 century. One might be tempted to settle for the Japan origin theory since their subject marker is identical, but its use supposedly predates an increase in Korean contact with Japanese and it’s very uncommon for languages to borrow grammatical particles. (Presently, the subject marker’s etymology is still unresolved.)
와 is for words ending in vowels, 과 is for words ending in consonants. (Sorta like a/an in English)
I don't know if we have different keyboard but I think you are supposed to long press the ㅂ to get ㅃ, ㅈ to get ㅉ and so on.... Or you can press the button you normally use to get capital letters and you will see all the double consonant thingy like these....ㅃㅉㄸㄲㅆ
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What would I need to do to invert the orfer of the nouns? As "사과" is already written with "과" at the end, would the phrase become "사과과 빵" or something else, since it seems weird to pronounce?
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So i noviced both bread and apples end with "과", is it just a coincidence or does "과" have a function?
i noviced both bread and apples end with "과", is it just a coincidence
Yes, it's a coincidence.
The 과 in 사과 means "fruit" (Sino-Korean 果). It's not related with the 와/과 that means "and".
"bread" is just 빵.
빵과 is "bread and".
(Korean writes 와/과 without a space, unlike English "and" but like Latin "-que" in "Senatus populusque Romani = SPQR = The Senate and the people of Rome".)
Why is the second syllable in apple 과 (sounds like go-a) pronounced differently than the 과 (gwa) attached to bread in this sentence? Is there some pronunciation rule based on the preceding syllable?
It would be 사과와 빵, since sagwa ends in a vowel, so you use wa instead of gwa.
The first one means "and", the second one is part of the word for "apple(s)" (and comes from a Chinese word meaning "fruit").
Maybe because of the space between 빵 and 하고? The 하고 should come directly after the noun without space: 빵하고 사과. There is, however, a space after it.
Why is the correct answer sometime man woman and not" man AND women" even though the question written in korean has the word and in it
I know that this question can sound stupid, but what is the "과" at the end of "빵" ?
You don't. It is the same word. The context may or may not help to make the distinction in English.
I've seen 과 and 와 used for "and" does it depend on the emding sound of the previous word which one i use?
because if the syllable ends with a vowel, it will be wa 와, if the syllable ends in a consonant, it will be gwa 과. since 빵 ends in a consonant, the word for "and" will be 과.
Why is it saying '및' is right instead of '과' when they have been using '과/와' this while time?
I think I'm a little confused on how the different versions of 'and' change the pronunciation of the words they are added to. Is this like a shortcut or easy to understand way to remember?
