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- "The dog swims to the island."
"The dog swims to the island."
Translation:개가 섬까지 수영합니다.
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-까지 marks the endpoint (to). It is the Korean terminative case marker.
-로 marks the direction (towards). It is the Korean orientative case marker.
If the dog was just swimming torwards the island, it doesn't necessarily mean that is his destination/goal. Maybe the dog is rescuing its foolish owner who tried to swim to the island with the intention of being on the island but almost drown in between.
So the difference between -까지 and -로 is like the difference between ～へ and ～に in Japanese(?)
More like 〜まで vs. 〜へ if you ask me. However take it with a grain of salt because my Japanese is still limited and in many aspects relies on comparisons with Korean.
I'd say that's correct.
Also, from what I've gathered,
I believe 에 is similar to に, but perhaps not equal, and 에서, in terms of where an action takes place, is similar to で in the same context.
The 까지 is the "to" marker. 섬 is the base on its own. Though why it's different than 으로???
Like Kevin said, 까지 indicates destination/goal. (ㅡ)로 only indicates direction (towards).
and how do you know which particle you need to use in sentences like this one? "the dog swims to the island" could mean both, couldn't it?
Like LiKenun (above) said, -까지 means that the dogs goal is to get to the island, while -로 means that the dog is swimming in the islands general direction without the intent of getting onto the island, please correct me if I'm wrong. (:
I think so. Perhaps a native speaker can help us out, but I think there is a slight difference in meaning that can both be expressed as "The dog swims to the island" in English. 섬에 means the dog swims to the island, and the island is its destination. 섬까지 means the dog swims as far as the island, but the island isn't necessarily its destination, it may be turning around and swimming back.
I believe it is the other way around, as “” means “until” while “ro/euro” mean “toward.” “E” simply means that the dog swims within the island itself, which doesn’t make much sense (sorry i don’t have a Korean keyboard).
Actually, using 까지 is used for going towards home but not necessarily in or into the home.
A dog swimming in Korean is causing so much of Chaos in the comments section!! Lmao
This is a big problem with these sentences here in Duolingo that there generally is (and cannot be), whether to use 가/이 or 는,because without context zou are unable to tell...
It says that 애서 is "from the" and then, in the next sentence is says that ir means "at the"
i.am.confused
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Is "도" an acceptable alternative for "섬"—i.e., "개가 도으로 수영해요"? I thought "도" also meant "island" (오륙도, 제주도, etc.).
-도 is not an independent noun, so no, you can’t use it instead of 섬. -도 is only used as a suffix to indicate “the island of …”, similar to other such suffixes such as -시 “… city”, -도 “… province” (this -도 is not the same as the island one as it comes from a different Hanja character: 道 rather than 島), -군 “… county”, -구 “… district” etc.
Not to mention…
- 으로 is used after syllables ending in consonants.
- 로 would be the proper particle to use after syllables ending in vowels or vowel-like consonants.
I was expecting a Plague Dogs reference here lol
Interesting read but really sad. There's a movie too. Do not recommend watching if you really love dogs. You will cry WAY harder than you did at the end of Marley and Me.
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수영 is a noun meaning "the act of swimming". To turn this noun into a verb, you must combine it with 하다:
수영하다 = "swimming" + "to do" = "to swim"
Hence, when you conjugate it to the formal speech level (the first level Duolingo introduces) you add ~ㅂ니다, resulting in 수영합니다.
강아지 is technically “puppy“, not just “dog”. You do sometimes hear the word for adult dogs as well if you want to evoke an impression of cuteness – but then again modern English also frequently uses “puppy” this way.
Hi im army i know it won't help but im not allowed to keep bts army profile so sad
In the model answer it is: 개가 섬까지 수영합니다. In colloquial speech it is quite common for -가, -를 and-는 (where it doesn’t mark a contrast) to be omitted, though it wouldn’t feel quite as natural to me in this particular sentence. Maybe because 개 is just a single syllable? Not sure.
Could someone please explain me why every verb ends with "합니다/습니다", etc. Why can't it be the verb only?
Well, unlike infinitives in English, Korean verb stems cannot be used alone and must be followed by any ending. Korean is an agglutinative language, i.e you have to glue together many elements, among them a lot of social cues. -습니다 is a verb ending for statements in the present in in a formally polite speech level. The verb swim her is a compound, its constituents are a Sino-Korean noun, 水泳 (수영) swimmimg with the verb stem 하 do, verb, so it means make a swim literally.
We are learning that a subject can also be the topic. So the particles are not always, on their own, a sure clue about which is the subject.
In this case, the dog is both topic and subject. But ultimately and grammatically, the dog is the doer of an action so it gets the 가 particle. If you see 은 는 on a subject, it more likely to be a comparison or descriptive sentence.
We'll find out in later lessons that these particles don't have just one use. The details we want for now, however, are spread across several tips and notes: starting with Basics 1, modifiers, and verbs (regular and descriptive).
PS: There's no definite articles in Korean for a or an. But sometimes 그 is used to indicate we are talking about a known specific person/animal/thing.
There is no word for " the " in Korean.
~이 / ~가 and ~은 / ~는 are markers that indicate the subject and topic respectively.
You can read more in the Notes from the Basics 1 lessons:
