"Yes, they are little now."
Translation:Ano, teď jsou malí.
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The "to jsou"/"jsou to" construction is used with some object in nominative. "To jsou malé domy." "These are small houses.". It does not make sense with just an adjective. "Ano, jsou teď malé." is fine, the TO does not make sense there. If you want to add en explicit pronoun for THEY, then it must be the right form for "on". In feminine plural it is "ony".
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I wrote: Ano, oni teď jsou malí. Is it won't because I put ted' in the wrong place or because I should not add oni? I would think the latter is allowed...
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Is there any ruling about where to place the "teď" here? Seems from the examples so far like it could go almost anywhere in the sentence
We do now accept teď sentence-finally. However, because the word order is controlled by the topic and comment (focus) structure. Placing teď in the final position makes it the focus that is emphasized VERY strongly.
It answers WHEN they are little.
Are they really little NOW and not TOMORROW? Yes, they are little NOW.
Jsou skutečně malí teď a ne zítra? Ano, oni jsou malí teď.
Placing teď final just because it is there in English won't work and will make you sound as a foreigner who can't speak with the right order or will even make your audience confused.
OK, I looked harder and I believe this is me not understanding that ď has to be written a single character, not as a d followed by '. For anyone else switched to Czech keyboard (at least on OS X), it doesn't appear to be one of the "regular" accented characters you can get with the 0-9 row, you have to hit the hacek (+ on a US keyboard) and then type "d" to get ď.