"개가 섭니다."
Translation:The dog stands.
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Thanks for your explanation. ..please translate the verb stem and the extensions: 서=? 서나=? ㅂ니나=?
most of the time they conjugate the same, however in the plain form adjectives conjugate differently. For example, 서다 in the plain present form is 선다. Whereas an adjective like 재미있다 stays the same in the plain present form with no changes. Another crucial difference is that adjectives cannot act on objects much like in English. Therefore you cannot use the object particle 를/을 in a sentence that ends in an adjective.
One reason you might get translations of both "The dog stands." and "The dog is standing." is that in real life, Koreans don't usually differentiate the two.
If my wife asks me "어디 가요?", she's asking me where I'm going and not "Where do you go?"
Similarly, "뭐 해요?" is usually said when they mean "What are you doing?" rather than "What do you do?"
I've heard it termed a "progressive tense", with respect to Korean.
Though, technically, the regular present isn't progressive. There's a separate form/tense in Korean for that.
I run. -> "저는 달려요." I'm running. -> "저는 달리고 있어요."
But in real life, Korean use the present tense as progressive. Like, "뭐 해?" literally means "What do you do?", but if someone asks you that, they probably want to know what you're doing now.
I think you could use 개는 in this case, but: 이/가 is more like a subject marker where 는/은 is more like a topic marker.
The latter (는/은) is used more often for general statements/truths (or things asserted to be generally true). And 이/가 is used often for specific subjects.
Like if I say that water is blue, it could be "물은 파랗아요." But if I said "물이 갈색이에요.", it would mean "The water is brown."