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- "Vidíš toho psa?"
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Toho here is the accusative case of ten (maculine animate), see https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ten#Declension and read our Tips and notes.
"To be seeing a dog" means something very different.
https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/be-seeing-someone
In general, "this" would be tohle or toto. The course is quite consistent with the distinction.
More specifically, "this dog" would be "tento pes" or "tenhle pes" (the latter being colloquial). And in accusative: "vidíš tohoto/tohohle psa".
In Russian language the word "toho" means "that". And I was very surprised than I didn't find this translation. So, does this word always mean "the" or I can use it like "that"?
Because "toho psa" (or "ten pes" in nominative) cannot be an indefinite dog.
It can only be either "the dog" or "that dog".
Wouldn't 'that' or 'this' be a more acceptable translation than 'the'? I thought Slavic languages don't use articles...
Correct. Slavic languages do not use articles but English does. If you translated a book from a Slavic language into English, do you think that you would not use any articles in it? Just because it is not on the Czech side does not mean it cannot be on the English side as it might be a more natural way to express the same thing. THAT is accepted as well though.
"do you see the dog?" is acceptable and correct in english. "you see the dog?" is incorrect both in grammar and unnatural in most all cases
Definitely "Do you see the dog"? is grammatically correct in English. However, at least in the US, you also would definitely hear "You see the dog?" in everyday speech. So perhaps DL accepts it as an alternative translation.
''You see the dog'' is usual among native speakers, it's lazy grammar but more efficient
