"I like salty soup."
Translation:저는 짠 수프가 좋아요.
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For the verb 좋다 the noun you describe cannot have an object particle (을/를). Something IS good, it cannot receive the action of "being good". 좋아하다 however is the opposite, something can BE liked. 저는 수프를 좋아해요. 저는 수프가 좋아요. These mean the same but just pay attention to the particle difference between 좋다 and 좋아하다.
Something that makes English easier for once, at least salt and salty are similar intstead of 소금 and 짠...
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What's the difference between 저는 짠 수프가 좋아요 and 저는 짠 수프를 좋아해요? Grammatically I know the difference but do those sentences convey the exact same meaning to native speakers or is there a small difference between the two?
~가 is a subject particle. I am not sure whether this was a typo, but using ~가 makes it the topic of discussion, and always comes first. ~를 is an object particle. This then meaning that the subject is directed toward the object. 좋하다 means "to like" and is different from 좋다, which just means "good". It's like "I like that apple" vs "that apple is good". Hope this was helpful :)
I heard in some video from Billy Go, that there is a certain difference in meaning. In the light of what he said there, 저는 짠 수프가 좋아요 means that you just like it, it's somewhat ordinarily good in your opinion, nothing more. There's no action of liking it, it's about the describing of your opinion about it.
But 저는 짠 수프를 좋아해요 means that you fell in love with it - you are putting an emphasis of you liking the thing to it. You are DOING the ACTION of liking it.
One more thing, if we would like to say that the salty soup is good, the sentence would be (obviously) without 저는. We would say only: 짠 수프가 좋아요. When we add 저는, we are saying something like: "As for me, xxx is good" which we can translate more naturally with: "I like xxx." (But it is unfortunately loosing the right Korean point of view then, as we translate both of the sentences in this way