"여자아이가 착합니다."
Translation:The girl is nice.
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• 좋다 = good; competent; be approved of
좋은 사람 = good person; well-liked person
• 착하다 = well mannered; well behaved
착한 (아랫)사람/아이 = nice (well behaved) underling/child
• 친절하다 = kind-hearted; compassionate
친절한 사람 = kind (helpful) person
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[Adjectival verb]-은 = Adjective
This is a process converting a verb into an adjective.
• With descriptive verb, -ㄴ/은 is used to imply an existing characteristic [unlike action verb which is subject to the time factor i.e. present; past; future]
• 좋다 = be good [descriptive verb]
강아지가 좋습니다. = The puppy is good.
• 좋은 [adjective] = good
좋은 강아지입니다. = It's a good puppy.
Similarly,
나쁘다, be bad; 나쁜, bad
예쁘다, be pretty; 예쁜, pretty
친절하다, be kind; 친절한, kind
착하다, be well-behaved; 착한, well-behaved
etc.
착하다 • (chakhada) (infinitive 착해 or 착하여, sequential 착하니): (to be) goodnatured
좋아하다 • (joahada) (infinitive 좋아해 or 좋아하여, sequential 좋아하니): to like something or someone; to prefer
좋다 • (jota) (infinitive 좋아, sequential 좋으니): to be good; great; excellent (Excellent and satisfactory in features and content.) good; nice (Well-rounded and kind in personality.) good; kind (Kind and gentle in the way one speaks and acts.) good (Above average in physical condition or health.) having a lot of nerve (Not caring about saving face or being shameless.) nice (Sunny and clear.) enough; sufficient (Enough or sufficient.)
작은 • (jageun) (determinative form of 작다): small
작다 • (jakda) (infinitive 작아, sequential 작으니): (to be) small
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TY M-K.
Could you help explaining the differences between: verb stem; infinitive; sequential ?
Verb stem is what is makes up the base of a word, no matter how you use it (in the past tense, present tense, infinitive, etc.) I think it's (usually) the infinitive but without ~다.
Infinitive is for example "to drive", "to walk", etc. I don't know what other languages you study, so I can't give you examples in your language though!
As for sequential, I'm not sure. I can't really find it online much either, but from my understanding sequential verbs come when the main verb leads to another action (which is your sequential verb) being done as a result or leads to a suggestion. (Now that he cleaned up, let's go home; with "let us" being the sequential).
I'm only really familiar with this concept through French since I'm pretty sure my main language does not have that grammar anymore.
이 and 가 are the same and mark the subject* of the sentence, while 이 is used if the word on a consonant. Otherwise (for vowels) 가 is used.
을 and 를 mark objects**
은 (vowel) and 는 (consonant) mark a new topic*** and are used instead of the other particles.
- subject = something or someone that does something object = something or someone that something is some to * topic = a new topic in a conversation. in English you could roughly translate "... 는" into "concerning ..." or "about ..."