Particles, dipthongs, and word + 니다 changes are driving me to start over, to redo all from website. Because website explains grammar and app does not.

It is a subject particle. 은 after a consonant and 는 after a vowel. There is also the 이/가 pair, which has basically the same role but is used when one wants to emphasize on the subject or when the subject of the sentence is a new information.

I don't understand why this is incorrect. I doesn't say,..that is a dog over there. So why do we use 저.

how are you supposed to know what ending to add on to this or that??

What is 은 in 저 것은?

Why 저것은 and not just 저?

Why is the pronunciation of 저갓은 different than what it should be? Anyone feel that?

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