"연세가 어떻게 되세요?"
Translation:How old are you?
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1511
I don't see anything in the sentence to imply "you". Couldn't "How old is she?" work here just as well?
The topic is often dropped in conversational Korean because it is already given context.
This sentence assumes you are directly asking someone their age, which is common when first meeting someone new so people can apply the proper level of respect in speech. In this, listeners already know what the topic of the conversation is, so it isn't needed to be understood.
1020
I get "How may I {state/put} your age?" as I have it that 되다 is acting as the honorific of 하다 here.
연세 is the honorific replacement for 살 so you would use that word (and this question form) when talking to/about anyone who deserves honor or who you want to highly esteem, e.g. grandparents, your boss, a stranger you want to highly esteem. Otherwise if you're talking to/about someone who's not much much older and not much much more important then it's still respectful to ask 몇 살이에요?
827
I would also like to know if this is a normal question in Korea. Where I live it would usually be considered rude to ask an adult this question. A previous Duolingo sentence, “Mister, why are you fat?” would also be considered rude here - is that okay in Korea too?