"우리 아버지께서 쇼핑하러 가세요."
Translation:My dad goes to shop.
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-(으)러 가다/오다 is a grammar form that expresses going to or coming from a place in order to do something. So this sentence could also be said, "My dad goes in order to shop." Therefore "goes" is the verb, not "shopping".
So, it'd be like "why does he go to singapore every year?" > "He goes to shop"?
The grammar is actually (으)러 가다/러 오다. For example 하다 becomes 하러 가다, or 먹다 would become 먹으러 가다.
It expresses what the subject came or went to do. If you went Korea to study Korean, and someone asked you why you came to Korea, you could respond 저는 한국어를 공부하러 왔어요. "I came to study Korean."
'Goes to shop' is never correct in English. You would HAVE to specify whether it is the shop or a shop, distinguishing a specific shop or any/an unknown shop.
Toby, yes usually this would be correct however not in this case. The “to” in this sentence is not a preposition (expressing direction). It’s being used to express the reason the father is going. i.e.“She goes to eat.”. Because there is little context this is difficult to establish and most people would understand this sentence just as you have.
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Is the '세' in '가세요' needed? If so, why? Doesn't '세' usually signalise something like a demand/order/imperative?
It can also be used as an honorific. The sentence is talking about their father, so it's using respectful speech.