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- "Ve které ulici bydlíš ty?"
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Note that in Moravia it's more common to use "na" with ulice (Na které ulici? Na Kobližné ulici, Na České), while in Bohemia (incl. Prague) the stadard is "v" (Ve které ulici? V Mostecké ulici, V Soukenické) - but some streets, usually bigger ones (boullevards) are used with "na" even in Prague (e.g. Na Vinohradské, Na Milady Horákové).
Locative is a weird one generally. It lost its standalone function in the ancient times and now it's the only case that always requires a preposition: na, v, po, při, o bind with the locative (some of them also go with the accusative in different meanings).
Interestingly, the Baltic languages have retained the ancient function of the locative - they still use it without a preposition to mean in/at.
Yes, dative: "to give" is "dare" in Latin, and "dát" in Czech - same indoeuropean root.
- nominative - from "name" - Já jsem František
- genitive - from "beget" - syn matky (son of a mother, mother's son)
- dative - from "give" (Latin "dare", Czech "dát") - Dám to Kateřině (I'll give it to Kateřina)
- accusative - from "accuse" (direct object) - Viním jeho. (I accuse him.)
- vocative - from "voice" (Latin "vox") - Františku! (Hey, František!)
- locative - from "location" - na stole (on the table)
- instrumental - from "instrument" - krájet chléb nožem (to cut bread with/using a knife)
Because "what" is an English word that can be "co", "jaký" or "který" in Czech, depending on where you use it.
Is there a difference between "What street..." and "Which street..." in English?
Because asking "V jaké ulici bydlíš?" in Czech is literally "What kind of street do you live on/in?", expecting an answer such as "on/in a long one" or "on/in a curved one". That said, colloquial Czech sometimes uses "jaký" in places that technically require "který", which further muddles up the distinction.