"The teacher is over there."
Translation:老师在那儿。
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Why is, "The teacher is over there", and, "The restaurant is over there", written two different ways in Chinese? "The restaurant is over there" is written, "Over there is the restaurant" while, The teacher, is written, "The teacher is over there". I do not understand why they are written in opposite structures in Chinese, but the same English sentence structure.
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No on both counts. No worries! :)
I'm not sure about word order but usually when talking about where a person is that's how you say it (老师/医生/他们 在 那里/哪儿。 / 哪里/哪儿?). One way to think think about of 在 is in the sense of "in" in the answer 老师在学校/医生在医院/他们在餐馆吃饭。
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So of course, we write it with different symbols and pinyin as well, but if you're speaking with someone, then how do you make a difference between the pronunciation of "over there" and "where"? I mean we pronounce "na" at both words...