"These living rooms are very modern and pretty."
Translation:Estas salas son muy modernas y bonitas.
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People often describe'son' as referring to things that are permanent, & 'están' to things that are temporary; but I believe that to be inaccurate.
'son' (& other versions of 'ser') refer what something IS. A characteristic of that thing. Something IS pretty, it IS green, someone IS a nice person. This man IS a mechanic. Notice that a person having a nice personality, or a place being pretty, or the man's profession, aren't necessarily permanent.
'estan' (& other versions of 'estar') refer to what something is "being". A building is BEING in the location it is in, a person is BEING happy. 'Happy' does not describe what the thing IS, only what it is doing right now (being happy). Notice that though the location of a building is permanent, you would still use 'estar' because location describes not what the building IS, but it's current state of BEING.
As for 'hay', I wouldn't translate that as 'are' at all. 'Hay' describes a state of having something, or something being available. I would translate it as 'there is' or 'have'. 'Hay tomates' = 'There are tomatoes' or, perhaps more recognizably in context, you might use that phrase to mean 'There are tomatoes here.' (in a store you're shopping in or refrigerator you're looking through.)
AustinCate2 provided a really helpful answer in another forum
ESTÁN = Are - (in reference to location of something. among other things) "los gatos están en la cocina" the cats are in the kitchen.
HAY = Are - (in reference to it is/isn't there, or existence) "Hay dos neveras en la cocina" Two fridges are in the kitchen.
SON = Are - (in reference to attributes & how something is, that likely won't change) "Las neveras en la cocina son pequeñas" The fridges in the kitchen are small.
hope this is helpful!
115
Perhaps it's just the specific examples used, but I'm still not understanding the difference between están and hay.
In both examples, the sentence seems to reference a location.
People often describe'son' as referring to things that are permanent, & 'están' to things that are temporary; but I believe that to be inaccurate.
'son' (& other versions of 'ser') refer what something IS. A characteristic of that thing. Something IS pretty, it IS green, someone IS nice. Notice that a person having a nice personality, or a place being pretty aren't necessarily permanent.
'estan' (& other versions of 'estar') refer to what something is "being". A building is BEING in the location it is in, a person is BEING happy. 'Happy' does not describe what the thing IS, only what it is doing right now (being happy). Notice that though the location of a building is permanent, you would still use 'estar' because location describes not what the building IS, but it's current state of BEING.
As for 'hay', I wouldn't translate that as 'are' at all. 'Hay' describes a state of having something, or something being available. I would translate it as 'there is' or 'have'. 'Hay tomates' = 'There are tomatoes' or, perhaps more recognizably in context, you might use that phrase to mean 'There are tomatoes here.' (in a store you're shopping in or refrigerator you're looking through.)
2099
Don't rely on the pop up hints. They are not a list of correct answers... only possible ones. Also... that is a crutch which will impede learning.
You would have to give specific examples for where it's "mixed"--could be there are different nouns with different genders in the same sentence.
But yes, in this sentence, since salas is feminine, then so also are estas, modernas, y bonitas, because they're all describing the subject salas. And, as you can see, they're also all plural.
I wouldn't make a rule that says "the whole sentence has to stay like that", because it depends on the sentence, of course.
Dormitorio is bedroom or dorm(itory). I would translate living room as salón or sala de estar.
The sentence is incorrect in English. If you use "modern" and "pretty" to describe the same thing, "pretty" is supposed to come first. Opinion (pretty) always comes first whereas age (modern) or even origin (modern) come after. https://www.grammar-monster.com/lessons/order_of_adjectives.htm
When I looked at that link I learned that by using the "and" to separate the adjectives they are "coordinating adjectives" and in that case, order does not matter. "Coordinate adjectives are also multiple adjectives that modify the same noun, but, with coordinate adjectives, their order is far less important because they can be used individually with the noun. In other words, they do not cumulate their meaning with other adjectives. Also, coordinate adjectives should be separated with commas or "and" to make it clear they're not cumulative adjectives."
You need to be careful and pay close attention to the accents used in Spanish words.
Accents not only inform you how to pronounce words--they sometimes change the meanings of words.
Esto/Este/Esta all mean "This".
Estos/Estas each means "These".
"Estar" means "To be"
"Está" = He/She/It/Usted is
"Estás" = You (singular informal) are
«ser» is used for descriptions
Ref :
https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/ser-vs-estar
https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/using-ser-with-descriptions