The fact is, both of them would be translated differently in Hindi.

For the simple past tense (went), you don't use the verb होना. So, Amir's father went to America = "आमिर के पिता अमेरिका गये।"

For the present perfect tense (has gone), you add the appropriate conjugation of 'होना' after the past form of the verb, which is the translation given above.

Note, this means to have gone and come back...

Perhaps this might be: आमिर के पिता अमेरिका जा चुका है।, but I am still not sure whether this distinguishes between 'gone' and 'been'.

See LeMaitre's comment above: "आमिर के पिता अमेरिका गये।"