"यह किताब छोटी है।"

Translation: This book is short.

[jhwilliams]

How do you distinguish between a short book and a small book?

[Ringcycle]

Why couldn't this be This book is little?

[emrys29]

A lot of Hindi speakers, including me, won't use बड़ा/छोटा in this case. बड़ा/छोटा would be used if we mean to say large or little.

For short and long books, we would use मोटी(fat) and पतली(thin).
यह किताब मोटी है - This is a long/thick book.
यह किताब पतली है - This is a short/thin book.

[Pakasch]

Thank you! I tought so but was confused by doulingos answer