"He reads from his book."
Translation:वह अपनी किताब से पढ़ता है।
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I think I am still not sure what the difference between उसके and अपनी is. Can someone try to make it clear?
उसका, उसकी, उसके mean his/her when the person the item(s) belong to is not the subject. अपना, अपनी, अपने are reflexive pronouns and literally mean "own"; so they are used when the object belongs to the subject. ie I read my (own) book मैं अपनी किताब पढ़ता हूँ. He eats his (own) apple वह अपना सेब खाता है. You live in your (own) house तुम अपने घर में रहता हो. I hope that helps.
Possibly the clearest explanation of oblique I have read, and I've read a great deal. Thank you!
why would it not be "aapne kitab se"? Doesn't the "se" put "kitab" in the oblique and therefore require aapne?
किताब is feminine and does not change in the oblique so it remains अपनी किताब when followed by postpositions including से
I am not 100% sure, but I think it is in the oblique case, but for female nouns ending with i it is the same.
how would one know that किताब was feminine other than memorizing that?
One wouldn't. Nouns ending -ii are mostly feminine, and -a mostly masculine, but there are exceptions (mostly if not all where they're 'loan words' from e.g. Sanskrit or English), but with other endings I don't think there's even a rough rule of thumb like that.
Hardly a problem unique to Hindi though!
Loan words from sanskrit? What reasoning is that? How can a language whose mother is sanskrit loan words from sanskrit? Loaning words from arabic, persian, portugese, english, yes, but sanskrit? Am I missing something?
Because the verb termination is according to the subject (he), not the object.
These would be apni:
I read my book He reads his book She reads her book You read your book They read their book We read our book
These will not be apni: I read your book She reads his book We read their book They read our book We read her book Etc
Same is also explained above, just have to read and think