"The book has cows and dogs."
Translation:किताब में गायें और कुत्ते हैं ।
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The given English should be something like 'In the book are cats and dogs' or 'there are cats and dogs in the book'.
'has' is misleading, and sounds like it's a hint because it isn't particularly natural sounding English, it should at least and in 'in'. (Which would be frowned upon by style guides, but conversationally acceptable.)
The sentence "The book has cows and dogs" has "book" as the subject" and "cows and dogs" as the object. Your sentence (गायें और कुत्ते किताब में हैं) switches these, and would be read more like "Cows and dogs are in the book". It's subtle but not quite the same.
But in those two sentences, aren't the dogs and cows the subject of the verb, as it takes the same form हैं, and the book in the sentence is followed by में, a post position that makes it not a subject?
You are right. The subject of both sentences is 'गायें और कुत्ते'.
The usual SOV word order 'गायें और कुत्ते किताब में हैं' means 'Cows and dogs are in the book'.
By changing the word order to 'किताब में गायें और कुत्ते हैं', we are shifting the emphasis on the words and this sentence is closer to 'There are cows and dogs in the book'. In this English sentence too, the subject is still 'cows and dogs' but the emphasis has been shifted due to the expletive construction 'There is..'.
Hindi doesn't use possessives in such situations (Sentences like 'किताब के गायें और कुत्ते हैं' sound unnatural). So, 'किताब में गायें और कुत्ते हैं is also the way to say 'The book has cows and dogs'.
That makes sense but I think there are other sentences where duo lingo accepts the sentence structures as interchangeable
it would seem more obvious to me, but that's based on logic rather than linguistic knowledge. Maybe this is more "the book features..." than "the book possesses...".
'के पास' indicates possession 'has' only when the subject is sentient. Otherwise it means 'near to'. So, your sentence means 'There are cows and dogs near the book'.
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This sentence seems to literally translate to "The book is in cows and dogs". What does में in the middle of the sentence translate to and how does हैं at the end of the sentence complement में ?
Remember that Hindi uses postpositions rather than prepositions like English. So, किताब में is 'in the book'.
The sentence गायें और कुत्ते किताब में हैं which is in the usual SOV(subject-object-verb) word-order of Hindi means 'Cows and dogs are in the book'.
Switching the subject and object as in किताब में गायें और कुत्ते हैं serves to shift the emphasis from the subject and it literally translates to something like 'In the book, there are cows and dogs.'
The verb 'to have' is absent in Hindi so this kind of construction can be used as a substitute.
That would be 'The book is in cows and dogs'.
We need the object of 'in' to be 'book' rather than 'cows and dogs'. So, किताब should come right before में.
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It is horrible to understand the book has cows and dogs. What does it mean. For abstruct noun it is written there are four legs of the chair. How the book has cows and dogs!!
A better English translation would have been 'There are cows and dogs in the book'. It is either saying that there are pictures of cows and dogs in the book or there are stories in the book with those animals.