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Although 'Going out into the world' does not imply direction. When would someone use this phrase 'Going out into the world' but use the word 'heraus' instead?
When the speaker is already "out in the world".
The "aus" part says the movement was from the inside to the outside of whatever we are talking about. ("ein" would be the other way - from outside to inside).
The "her/hin" means the direction regarding the speaker - "her" is towards the speaker while "hin" is away from the speaker.
To be more explicit:
With -aus:
"Mark geht hinaus" ->
"Mark is going out thither" (archaic) ->
"Mark is going out and away [away from the speaker's here]" ->
Mark is going out, and away from the speaker (Mark's destination is further away from the speaker than Mark is now).
Mark geht hinaus von Berlin nach Hamburg - Mark is going out from Berlin to Hamburg (speaker is in Berlin).
"Mark geht heraus" ->
"Mark is going hither" (archaic) ->
"Mark is going out here [towards the speaker's here]" ->
Mark is going out from his origin and his destination gets him closer to the speaker.
Mark geht heraus von Berlin nach Hamburg - Mark is going out from Berlin to Hamburg (speaker is in Hamburg).
With -ein:
"Mark geht hinein" ->
"Mark is going in thither" (archaic) ->
"Mark is going in and away [away from the speaker's here]" ->
Mark is going into some place, and away from the speaker (Mark's destination is further away from the speaker than Mark is now).
Mark geht hinein von Berlin nach Hamburg - Mark is going from Berlin into Hamburg (speaker is in Berlin).
"Mark geht herein" ->
"Mark is going hither" (archaic) ->
"Mark is going in here [towards the speaker's here]" ->
Mark is going out from his origin and his destination gets him closer to the speaker.
Mark geht herein von Berlin nach Hamburg - Mark is going from Berlin into Hamburg (speaker is in Hamburg).
Hope this helps.
Thanks. To sum up:
- HINaus = out THERE
- HERaus = out HERE
- HINein = in THERE
- HERein = in HERE
You gave two examples:
"Mark geht heraus von Berlin nach Hamburg - Mark is going out from Berlin to Hamburg (speaker is in Hamburg)."
and
"Mark geht herein von Berlin nach Hamburg - Mark is going from Berlin into Hamburg (speaker is in Hamburg)."
which only differ in the -aus or -ein ending, which correspond to the meanings "going OUT HERE (relative to speaker)" and "going IN HERE (relative to speaker)". How can the location of the speaker be considered both in and out at the same time? Or is there another difference between those two sentences, perhaps that the location of the speaker is considered to be different between those two sentences?
Yes, "geht" + "her-" sounds odd to me -- it would have to be "kommt".
Because if he is going towards you, you would say that he is coming towards you.
Yes, it does. We'd say "coming out" if the implication were that he's joining us.
Bitte, sagt ihr "Er kommt hinaus in die Welt." oder "Er geht hinaus in die Welt."?
Seems like the new word being introduced here (new to me, anyway) isn't hinaus (out) but actually the seperable hinausgehen (to go out).
DL's hints don't handle seperable verbs all that gracefully, do they?
If this were "hinausgehen" as a verb, wouldn't the "hinaus" come at the end of the sentence?
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You wouldn't say it that way in English. "Go out into the world" is a fixed expression, generally used to describe leaving a relatively sheltered home/nest/monastery/etc. to live among people and engage in the activities of the world.
To me, "He goes out to the world" sounds more like making a public appearance--confronting the world, perhaps, without engaging it. First thing that comes to my mind is a public official who has just been caught doing something s/he shouldn't, then mustering his/her resolve and speechwriters and going out to make some sort of public apology.
"to" implies distance between the starting point and end point so your sentence would imply he was starting from the moon and going out to the world e.g. Earth. That's because this sentence is about travelling. In reality, this man is already 'in' the world, he just needs to 'get into' it.
As Soglio mentioned: if the sentence were about giving information, that would be fine because the distance is then between your mind and the receiver's mind i.e. "I'm giving this apology/information to you because..." so in that case, the information leaves the speaker's mouth and goes to the receiver's ears.
He is going out in the world.--sounds the same to me in English. I am not sure that ordinary English distinguishes between ''in'' and ''into'' as sharply as Duolingo does.
this sounds quite awkward to me. It may be a regional difference, but I don't think this 'He is going out in the world" would be considered 'correct' in Britain.
As an American, it would strike me wrong to hear someone say "He is going out in the world", and I would personally use "He is going out into the world." Is there a Brit to clarify if these both are also correct in British English?
We do I'm afraid. Generally speaking, "in" is used to discuss location and "into" is used to discuss movement.
I'm walking in the shop (you're already inside the shop and are walking around)
I'm walking into the shop (you're not yet inside the shop, you're passing through the entrance)
"He is going out in the world" implies he is already in the world and is now having a night out (or something!) whereas the speaker is trying to say that the man is not already in the world, i.e. he has not experienced the world yet so he's going from his sheltered home into the world.
To add to this, colloquially, we do say "Am walkin' in' (the) shop nah" because colloquially, we will drop every single letter and word we can but in correct English, "into" is required.
No, it shouldn't. in is a double proposition. It uses the dative case (like you suggested) when it shows location and it uses the the accusative case to show movement.
Dative: "Ich laufe in dem Raum" - "I am walking in the room" - I am already in the room and walking inside of it.
Accusative: "Ich laufe in den Raum" - "I am walking into the room" - I was not in the room and I am now walking into the room.
And since 'he' is going into the world, this example correctly uses the accusative case.
