"Those dogs do not eat cheese."
Translation:Quei cani non mangiano formaggio.
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Is it the case that 'quei' is used in adjective form and 'quelli' as a pronoun and that's why you cannot say 'quelli cani..' in this case?
To expand on what willem6 wrote, the demonstrative adjective follows the same rules as the definite article, so "il cane" - "quel cane", "i cani" - "quei cani"; the demonstrative pronoun instead declines like a noun, so it's "quello" or "quella" (that, that one) and "quelli" or "quelle" (those, those ones).
Exactly, and it distinguishes e.g. "quegli sciocchi non mangiano formaggio" (those simpletons don't eat cheese) vs "quelli sciocchi non mangiano formaggio" (the foolish ones don't eat cheese). In the first one "sciocchi" is a noun (it answers "who?"), in the second one it's an adjective (it answers "which ones?").
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Those sweets are nice - quei dolci sono belli - Quei is an adjective. I will have one of those - avrò uno di quelli - Quelli is a pronoun