Global warming: global uppvärmning

Climate change: klimatförändring

Greenhouse effect: växthuseffekt

Source- Babbel

In general, the present tense can certainly have futural meaning. In real life, you can usually tell from context. In this course, the idea is that futural translations should be accepted when there's some foundation in the sentence for that interpretation. But I don't think there's any reason to think this sentence is about the future unless you add something that isn't there.

global uppvärmning