I believe tidligere would better translate as earlier rather than previous. The root is tid, referring to time. Forrige has the root of for referring more to position
Native speakers can you confirm?
Not exactly. Taler is to speak, snakker is to talk. For instance "Jeg taler dansk" i speak danish, as opposed to "Jeg snakker med min venner" i talk with my friends. They like to use them interchangably but i don't think that's correct