In British English, we usually say 'go for a walk' not 'take a walk'.
Yes, and they're both accepted.
Could I say this for: "Jag tag en promenad med hunden"?
Absolutely - I use that expression all the time. :)
whats the difference between aker and promenad?
You take a promenad by foot, but you åker in a vehicle.
Gå and åker are verbs. Promenad is a noun. English walk just happens to be the same word for either verb or noun.
Is promenad a synonym for the german spazieren gehen?