"Saya makan buah, kecuali apel."
Terjemahan:I eat fruit, except for apples.
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Iya, "For" adalah preposisi, tetapi "For" itu tidak wajib. Except = Except for.
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See here for exceptions: https://www.englishpractice.com/grammar/meaning-except/
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"But" can't be used to mean "except" before a noun. You need to add an indefinite pronoun. But + indefinite pronoun = meaning "except".
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"For" tidak wajib di sini. Except and Except for = sama.
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It's an exception.
Dalam kalimat seperti: No.... but....
Di sini, "but" berarti "kecuali".
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Tidak. It means you choose a thing in (among) a set of things.
I always choose apples among a choice of fruit.
Not that you exclude a subset (the subset "apples") from a set (the set "fruit")
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"But" can mean "except" but only after "all, none, every, any, everything, everybody, nothing and no."
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It's apples in general. Itu apel umumnya. All the apples in the world.
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It's an expression "except for", it's like a single word.
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Please, read other comments before adding your own question. It has been asked several times. "Except for" is only an expression, you can consider it like a single word, there is no reason, it's the use.
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No. But is not doesn't mean except. I don't think so.
What was the sentence you had in mind?